Recyclable container closure having informational and/or anti-counterfeiting capabilities

ABSTRACT

A “smart” closure system, apparatus, and method are contemplated. The closure includes mechanical capture and release mechanisms, electromechanical and/or optical indicators, wireless technologies, and/or web-based or remote authentication, verification, and serialization via remotely located data servers. A mobile computing device may further augment certain functions. The resulting system allows for anti-counterfeiting, authentication, serialization, and other capabilities.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/479,407, filed on Jul. 19, 2019, entitled “CLOSURE FOR CONTAINER WITHINFORMATIONAL AND/OR ANTI-COUNTERFEITING CAPABILITIES” and granted asU.S. Pat. No. 11,008,143, which was itself a 35 U.S.C. 371 nationalstage filing of PCT Application No. PCT/US2018/014825 filed on Jan. 23,2018, which claims priority to United Kingdom Patent Application Number1701133.9, filed on Jan. 23, 2017, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/592,453, filed on Nov. 30, 2017. All of theseapplications are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully rewrittenherein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to a “smart” closure, includinga variety of constructions and methods, which impart deterrence tocounterfeiting and tampering and/or enable delivery authentication andother information by third parties and end users concerning the origin,quality, and history of the container and, by extension, its contents.

BACKGROUND

Generally speaking, both commodities and more sophisticated products aresometimes subject to tampering and/or counterfeiting. Although basicmeasures have been developed by manufacturers to address these concerns,recent improvements in printing and other technologies have made iteasier for bad actors to copy or otherwise co-opt the packaging ofwell-known products and/or to improperly reuse that packaging.

A wide variety of product authentication and counterfeit deterrencefeatures and constructions are disclosed in the prior art. An extensivediscussion of these earlier features and constructions is provided inU.S. Pat. No. 9,280,696 which issued Mar. 8, 2016. The '696 patent ishereby expressly incorporated by reference for the entirety of its priorart discussion and for its summary of earlier patent references.

One previous approach was to use a physical barrier, such as breakableplastic wrap and/or foil seal. While these barriers provide a clearindication that the closure has been compromised, they do not and cannotprovide any additional information or way to verify where the containerhas been or what was originally placed inside of it. Separately,barcodes and other visual indicia have been used on packaging containersfor identification purposes. These systems generally require dedicatedscanners, as well as standardization and/or a third party interventionto establish and maintain rules (e.g., GS1 in Brussels, Belgiumcoordinates assignment of the twelve digit Universal Product Codes (UPC)that are prevalent in many countries, including the United States).Also, because the barcodes must be predetermined and affixed toindividual containers during manufacture, any authentication schemeafforded by these codes is relatively static and passive (i.e., theycannot be easily altered or expanded once the container is filled anddelivered by the manufacturer).

Separately, wireless communication tags are also becoming more common.These tags are affixed to a wide range of articles in commerce, therebyenabling wireless communication of information in a centralizeddatabase/authentication scheme similar to the aforementioned barcodesand/or by directly communicating with a dedicated device to decode anddisplay information carried by the tag.

Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) tags, and Bluetooth communication devices are commonly used forthis purpose. NFC tags are small wireless tags that permit communicationwith an NFC reader device over distances of up to about 20 cm. RFID tagsare small wireless tags that permit communication with an RFID readerdevice over larger distances, typically up to 15 m. Both types ofwireless tag communicate via electromagnetic (EM) radiation.

In recent years, the increased functionality of portable electronics(i.e. mobile phones and tablet PCs) has enabled such devices to be usedas readers for communicating with such wireless communication tags. Asan example, NFC tags, RFID tags, and Bluetooth devices have beenincorporated into various consumable products, thereby enablingconsumers to interact with such products using mobile phones.

As a final consideration, many consumer products companies haveinitiated sustainability campaigns whereby packaging must manufacturedfrom certain percentages (i.e., at least 67% and up to 95% or even 100%)of post-consumer resins (PCR) and/or capable of being introduced intoPCR recycling systems. PCR resins may include (but is not limited to)certain grades of thermoplastics and/or other recycled materials (e.g.,glass, metal, etc.).

These more dynamic, wireless systems that are responsive to user needs,but they tend to overlook anti-counterfeiting and tampering protectionsprovided by the more traditional methods. A system, method, andapparatus that combined these functions would be welcome, particularlyto the extent the authentication features were incorporated in a mannerthat was not easily accessible, observable, and/or removed and replaced.Specifically, structures to seamlessly accommodate the circuitry, powersources, visual identifiers, and other mechanisms for achieving improvedanti-counterfeiting, anti-tampering, and verification systems in asingle item are needed.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The inventions contemplated herein are generally directed toward thegoals of: (i) impeding a bad actor's ability to place counterfeitproducts in a given container; (ii) preventing anyone from tamperingwith the product carried in that container or, at a minimum, providingeasily recognized indicia to an end user that such tampering hasoccurred; and (iii) enabling any actor within a supply chain (e.g., themanufacturer, the wholesaler, the retailer, and the end user/consumer)to access information and enhance their experience with the productassociated with that container. These and other goals may be attainedthrough the use of any combination of the embodiments and other aspectsdescribed below. Generally speaking, the containers and associatedmethods for attaining at least some of these goals are referred toherein as a “smart” or “intelligent” closures.

In some embodiments, the container is fitted with a closure thatcaptures tracking and/or identification indicia. These indicia encompasswirelessly generated signals for near field communications systems(NFC). As used herein, near field communication may encompass NFC, RFID,Bluetooth, and other similar technologies and protocols, so that asignal from the indicia is detected by a portable computing device,which then communicates with remote servers to determine certaininformational traits about the product enclosed by thecontainer/closure. Additionally, physical structure(s) in thatcontainer/closure impedes tampering and provides an indication once theclosure is initially opened or removed (e.g., by physically comprisingthe NFC.

The disclosed embodiments enable consumer engagement (e.g., establishingprofiles, providing reminders, etc.), as well as the ability to measure,track, and report on products via the active features described herein.In turn, the various embodiments and aspects may promote consumerconfidence, enhance logistics operations, verify product quality,provide an opportunity for users to voluntarily provide additionalinformation and/or create profiles which may be paired to the productand its use.

Further background information, as well as description of featuresforming portions of the inventive concepts herein, can be found inPatent Cooperation Treaty publication no. WO/2018/136927, which isincorporated by reference herein.

Specific reference is made to the appended claims, drawings, anddescription below, all of which disclose elements of the invention.While specific embodiments are identified, it will be understood thatelements from one described aspect may be combined with those from aseparately identified aspect. In the same manner, a person of ordinaryskill will have the requisite understanding of common processes,components, and methods, and this description is intended to encompassand disclose such common aspects even if they are not expresslyidentified herein.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Operation of the invention may be better understood by reference to thedetailed description taken in connection with the followingillustrations. These appended drawings form part of this specification,and any information on/in the drawings is both literally encompassed(i.e., the actual stated values) and relatively encompassed (e.g.,ratios for respective dimensions of parts). In the same manner, therelative positioning and relationship of the components as shown inthese drawings, as well as their function, shape, dimensions, andappearance, may all further inform certain aspects of the invention asif fully rewritten herein. Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions inthe drawings are with reference to inches, and any printed informationon/in the drawings form part of this written disclosure.

In the drawings and attachments, all of which are incorporated as partof this disclosure:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are cross sectional perspective views to illustrate thetwo-piece, disc-and-cap construction of a closure structure according tocertain embodiments, with the former showing the pieces before torque isapplied and the latter showing after torque is applied so as to snap thepieces together (e.g., to secure the closure to a container).

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the closure contemplated inFIGS. 1A and 1B.

FIG. 3 is a partially assembled perspective view of the closurecontemplated in FIG. 2 showing the disc as it might rest on thecontainer.

FIG. 4 is a partially assembled perspective view of the closurecontemplated in FIG. 2 showing the underside of the cap, includinganti-rotation ribs that can engage the disc.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the top of the closure contemplated inFIG. 2, showing inject printed numbering linked to batch information foranti-counterfeiting color identification and/or serialization.Additionally, indicia on the cap and disc are aligned to confirm theclosure has not been opened/rotated.

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the top of the closure contemplated inFIG. 2, but showing in mold serialization by way of two shot moldingprocesses and/or labeling for anti-counterfeiting color identificationand/or serialization. Also in contrast to FIG. 5A, the indicia on thecap and disc are misaligned to provide an additional indication ofopening or possible tampering.

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the top of a closure similar to thatcontemplated in FIG. 2, while FIG. 6B is a perspective view taken fromthe bottom and FIG. 6C is a sectional, perspective view of the top takenat an angle to better emphasize the raised nature of the conductiveresin points. In all of FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, one or more conductiveresins are provided, via one or two shot molding, along initiallyaligned portions of the cap and disc, so as to allow electrical flowthat can be initiated and detected according to the various schemesdisclosed herein.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are sectional perspective views of the bottom (FIG. 7A)and the top (FIG. 7B) of the closure contemplated in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and6C. Here, the conductive resin(s) form a path along tabs or bridges thatinitially connect the cap and the disc, although these tabs will breakwhen sufficient torque is applied, so as to eliminate the conductivepath and provide a potential anti-counterfeiting scheme according to thevarious schemes disclosed herein.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a closure similar to that contemplatedin FIG. 2, with a thin-film, wireless tag incorporated on the cap anddisc along a tab that is similar in construction and function to thoseshown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a closure similar to that contemplatedin FIG. 2, with conductive ink provided on the cap and disc along a tabthat is similar in construction and function to those shown in FIGS. 7Aand 7B.

FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a closure similar to thatcontemplated in FIG. 2, but with an inductive tag, tab, or foilincorporated proximate to the disc for initiating and/or detecting theverification and anti-counterfeiting schemes disclosed herein.

FIG. 11 is a cross sectional schematic view of a pump dispenserincorporating a wireless tag according to the disclosure herein.

FIG. 12 is a cross sectional schematic view of a squeezable ordeformable container incorporating a wireless tag according to thedisclosure herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilizedand structural and functional changes may be made without departing fromthe respective scope of the invention. As such, the followingdescription is presented by way of illustration only and should notlimit in any way the various alternatives and modifications that may bemade to the illustrated embodiments and still be within the spirit andscope of the invention.

As used herein, the words “example” and “exemplary” mean an instance, orillustration. The words “example” or “exemplary” do not indicate a keyor preferred aspect or embodiment. The word “or” is intended to beinclusive rather an exclusive, unless context suggests otherwise. As anexample, the phrase “A employs B or C,” includes any inclusivepermutation (e.g., A employs B; A employs C; or A employs both B and C).As another matter, the articles “a” and “an” are generally intended tomean “one or more” unless context suggest otherwise.

A closure for sealing a container is contemplated. The container andclosure combination may have any number of features that are commonlyencountered in this field, including but not limited to a screw fitarrangement between the closure and the container to allow the closureto selectively removed and refitted. When fitted, the combination mayform a watertight and/or hermetic seal.

The descriptions and drawings in this disclosure, and any written matterwithin the drawings should be deemed to be reproduced as part of thisspecification. In all cases, a closure is affixed to a container,thereby necessitating a threaded or other rotating connection anddisconnection between these components. Significantly, the initialrotation to secure/affix the closure may provide sufficient compressionto lock the components in place (if such action does not already occurin the initial manufacture) while, conversely, the initial attempt toloosen and remove the closure engages, initiates, or otherwise enablesthe desired functionality with respect to anti-counterfeiting,anti-tampering, authentication/verification, or other informationalpurposes.

The invention contemplates a combination of active and, optionally,passive features. Generally speaking, these features can becharacterized according to the groupings discussed below. It will beunderstood that these groupings are not mutually exclusive and, in someinstances, a single component can be by several different groupings(e.g., a capacitive ink could be both an optical indicator, a wirelesstechnology, and an electromechanical indicator).

Mechanical Capture and/or Release

With reference to FIGS. 1A through 3, a screw top closure 10 has a twopiece design. An outermost cap 20 includes threads, flanges, tabs, orother means to affix cap 20 to container 100 with correspondingstructure on neck 102, thereby sealing the container opening 104. Alongits inner facing, cap 20 retains an inner disk 30 with anti-back offribs 32 (as seen in FIGS. 2-4) to limit the rotation of the inner disk30.

When the cap 20 is fitted to the container 100, the threads 21 (or otherengagement mechanisms) secure the closure 10 to the container 100 by wayof corresponding threads 106. The back-off ribs 32 come into contactwith corresponding posts, ribs, or stops 108 formed near the opening 104along the neck 102, while the inner disk 30 itself is compressed againstthe inner facing (i.e., the underside) of the cap 20.

Notably, the ribs 32 need only have a thickness of less than 3.00 mm (asmeasured in a transverse plane relative to the longitudinal axis of thecontainer), and more preferably less than 2.50 mm or even less than 2.0mm, although in all cases the thickness of the ribs will be discerniblygreater than the thickness of the container itself (i.e., its averagethickness and/or its average thickness within the neck area). In thismanner, significant savings can be realized owing to the reduced volumeof materials required in comparison to known container designs employingbackoff ribs for other purposes.

A post 23 may be formed along the inner facing of the cap 20. Post 23 isurged into a receptacle 33 formed on the corresponding facing of thedisc 30. The converse (post on the disc and receptacle on the cap) isalso possible. Thus, when the closure 10 is initially tightened/affixedonto the container 100, the post 23 is urged into the receptacle 33 tohold the cap 20 and disc 30 together. Multiple post-receptacles may beformed, despite the fact only one centralized pair is depicted in thesedrawings. Also, by holding the cap 20 and disc 30 together in thisfashion, the anti-rotation ribs 22 (as described below) can functioneffectively.

As seen in FIG. 4, additional anti-rotation ribs 22 are provided on theinner facing of the cap 20 to engage corresponding structures on thedisc. Ribs 22 may possess a wedge-like shape to allow rotation in onedirection but not the reverse direction. In this manner, once the disc30 rotates relative to the cap 20, it cannot return to its originalposition.

The significance of ribs 22 is best understood with reference to FIGS.5A and 5B. A central section 24 is concentrically located on the top ofcap 20. This section 24 may be connected to the outer periphery of thecap 20 by way of bridging tabs 25. The tabs 25 will be of a constructionto allow them to break/disconnect the central section 24 from theremainder of cap 20, particularly when the anti-rotation ribs 22 areengaged. Thereafter, section 24 moves in concert with disc 30.

In turn, indicia or markings 26, 27 are provided separately on the capperiphery and the central section 24. Thus, when section 24 rotates, theindicia 26, 27 move relative to one another, with this misalignmentproviding an indication of tampering/opening of the container. In otherembodiments, it is possible for a viewing window to be formed in centralsection 24 to expose an initial indicator on the top-facing of the disc30. Thus, when section 24 rotates, this initial indicator is no longervisible. Of course, in order for section 24 to rotate relative to theperiphery of cap 20, the bridges 25 (if present) must bedisconnected/broken).

Also as seen in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and elsewhere, a serialization number maybe provided on the cap 20; for example, within the central section 24.The number may serve as a unique identifier for that cap/containercombination (i.e., the product), as well as to accomplish any of theother objects described below. The number may be printed, etched,stamped, labeled, or integrally formed (e.g., by way of one or two shotmolding). In place of or in addition to a serialization number, otheroptical indicators (as described below) can be incorporated in a similarmanner.

In some aspects, the ideal thickness of the back off ribs provided onthe container neck can be expressed relative to as a ratio in comparisonto the standardized dimensions of bottle openings, as defined by theGlass Packaging Institute (GPI) and/or Society of Plasitics Industry(SPI). The thickness of the ribs may be any one one-hundredth integerbetween 1.00 mm and 3.00 mm, while the inner diameter may be 400, 410,415, 425, 430, 2030, or 2035 sized. Any combination of these disclosedaspects are included.

The inner facing of the cap also contains anti-rotation ribs and anoptional snap fit post that is received within a recess on the innerdisk (conversely, the disk may be provided with a post and the cap witha corresponding recess). In either case, these structures on the innerfacing of the cap cooperate to allow only partial rotation of the innerdisk when the closure is tightened and then released (e.g., via rotationand/or torque). Further, because the initial tightening causes the postto be snap-fitted into the recess, this partial rotation is effectivelyirreversible (i.e., the cap and inner disk cannot easily be reset totheir original positions).

Thus, by providing separate indicators the cap and the inner disk, theuser to quickly verify that the closure has been previously removed fromthe container. In turn, the user can be assured that the container hasnot been tampered with or surreptitiously refilled.

The indicators could be as simple as arrows that are aligned when theclosure is secured onto the container. Thus, a gap or series of gaps maybe visible on the outer facing of the cap/closure, and the arrows wouldnot be aligned when the closure is initially released from thecontainer.

Alternatively, the indicator could be a stress-induced structure that isat least temporarily attached to the cap and inner disk. Thestress-induced structure would break, change color, or provide someother visual when sufficient rotation/torque is applied to initiallyrelease the closure. Any number of polymers may be suitable to providestress-induced indications contemplated herein.

Electromechanical Indicators

An electrical circuit and/or electrically powered component can beincorporated into the structure described above. That is, a conductivematerial (e.g., metal, metal wire, conductive polymer(s), etc.) isformed into the outermost cap and, separately, into the inner disk. Whenthe closure is initially formed, the two separate materials are alignedto allow the flow of electricity therethrough. Conversely, when torqueis initially applied, the action of the cap, disk, and back off ribscause the electrical flowpath to be disrupted so as to eliminate thesupply of electricity and enable the anti-counterfeiting and other aimsof this invention.

Additionally or alternatively, a conductive polymer may be molded orformed into the outermost cap, the inner disk, or both. Multiple stepprocess (e.g., over-molding, two shot, etc.) could be used toaccommodate the use of conductive polymers in combination withconventional polymers. By selectively using conductive polymers incombination with more conventional polymers, it may be possible tominimize costs by limiting the need/volume of expensive resins, improveupon the design and function of the closure by selectively incorporatingelectrical flowpaths, and/or to enhance the aesthetics and performanceof the closure by relying on conventional polymers and/or othermaterials that provide a wider range of options in these regards.Additionally, two shot processes that minimize conductive resin simplifymanufacturing. Notably, threshold levels for conductivity and resistancemust be considered when selecting appropriate conductive resins (orother conductive/resistive components disclosed herein) so as tocooperate with cell phones and/or other aspects contemplated herein.Reference can be made to the attachment for further details.

Conductive resin or conductive elements may protrude from the smoothsurface of the cap. These elements are also interrupted when the closureis turned. In either or both of these manners, the conductive elementsmay provide additional means of detection of tampering, as well aspotentially serving as frangible elements.

In a similar manner, a conductive foil may be incorporated to define theelectrical flowpath(s) between components (e.g., disk and cap,integrated circuit and sensor, etc.). For example, the foil could becaptured between the cap and the closure to define an electricalflowpath between these components. In turn, the foil would be torn orphysically compromised upon opening/torque being applied to the closure,thereby eliminating the conductive path.

Conductive or inductive ink could be provided to the cap and the diskwhen in their original, manufactured state (i.e., prior totorqueing/displacement by rotation). Thus, the ink establishes thenecessary and detectable electrical flowpath.

The circuit or flowpath could include a simple visual indicator (e.g.,activation or deactivation of a light emitting diode or otherelectrically responsive material). In other embodiments, it may includein its original manufactured state or require a subsequently providedintegrated circuit or microprocessor (e.g., a user's hand held mobiledevice), with the use of additional computing power enabling a host ofother web-based, remote access, and/or wireless features. As an example,the capacitive touch features found in touch screen devices (e.g.,phones, tablets, etc.) could be utilized as a further interface andconnection point to allow for communication to flow from thecontainer/closure to the user (and/or back and forth between remotelybased data servers).

A power source may be attached to or contained within the closure tosupply power to such electromechanical mechanisms. In one embodiment, acoin cell, button cell, or thin printed battery is encased between orwithin one of the cap and the disk.

With reference to FIGS. 6A through 7B, conductive resin can be molded(or conductive inks can be printed/applied, also as seen in FIG. 9), onthe central section 24, at least one of the tab 25, and the periphery ofthe cap 20. An optional power source can be disposed on either the cap20 or the central section 24, and a tag or integrated chip could also beused. The conductive resin 28 or ink 29 is in or exposed along the topof the closure 10 so as to allow a user and/or computerized device orreader to touch or come into contact with the resin. The electricalflowpath created thereby can be used for any of the purposes describedherein. In some embodiments, the outer facing resin may be slightlyraised from the top surface of the closure 10 to simplify theseconnections/contact. The resin/ink can also be provided solely on theexterior, top facings, rather than both the top and the bottom of cap 20as shown.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the power to verify the electricalcircuit/connection need not be carried within the closure itself. Thatis, the closure could be configured so that further user intervention isrequired to supply power and/or to close the necessary electricalcircuit (thereby selectively and temporarily powering the necessarycomponents, such as an LED, integrated chip (IC), or other wireless orsensing device).

In another embodiment, a solenoid or other movable part responsive toelectric current could serve as an indicator. These elements could alsobe provided to serve as a valve, thereby blocking the flow of materialthrough the closure and out of the container under certaincircumstances.

Optical Indicators

While some of the foregoing embodiments rely upon visual recognition bythe end user, other (usually machine-readable) indicators could beemployed. For example, bar codes, QR codes, and other similar opticallyscanned arrays could be printed on a facing of the disk so that the codeis viewable when the closure is sealed. After torque is applied, thedisk rotates so that codes cannot be seen. Thus, by relying upon ascanner technology (e.g., an application downloaded to a camera-baseddevice), a user can scan the code and learn from the application as tothe nature of the product associated with that code. As will bediscussed below, additional technologies could allow for remoteinteraction (e.g., via a wireless data network) to provide real-timeupdates and/or to communicate to and update a remotely based server thatthe product associated with that code has undergone some sort oftransformation. In either case, the optical indicator could be used toproactively inform the user as to the contents and history of theclosure/container assembly before it is first opened.

Conversely, the optical indicator could be initially concealed from aviewing window until after the product was opened. In this manner, theuser is only able to access information after the closure wasopened/compromised. In this instance, the user would need to be aware ofand informed so as to avoid purchasing a product where the opticalindicator was initially visible.

Separately, a photoelectric ink could be coupled to a power source, asnoted above, to provide a visual distinction between the closure in itsoriginal manufactured state in comparison to after torque has beenapplied and the disk and cap have moved relative to one another.

In yet another embodiment, an ink that is specifically detectable by acomputing device (e.g., capacitive detector, as might be found in asmart phone screen or a specialized color/wavelength that could bedetected and verified by a camera) could be employed. In thisarrangement, active and/or passive approaches could be used. In theformer, the ink could change in response to the opening or closing anelectrical flowpath after the closure is displaced, while the latercould simply provide a means for verifying the original, manufacturedcharacteristics of the closure and/or container and product to which itis associated. As above, the passive approach could be positioned on oneof the closure's movable parts so as to make it viewable only before orafter the closure is displaced. Particularly with respect to passiveembodiments, the inks used as optical indicators need not be photo- orelectrically sensitive and, instead, may simply provide a uniquesignature that is detectable by a user controlled apparatus.

Wireless Detection Mechanisms

Wireless technologies, including radio frequency identification,near-field communications devices and protocols, and magnetic,capacitive, inductive, or other non-contact detection systems could beprovided within the closure to serve the goals defined herein. In theseembodiments, the closure needs only to be proximate to a detector (e.g.,an end user's hand held or mobile computing device). The detector itselfthen displays or otherwise communicates information captured by thewireless technology.

Notably, the wireless technology might be as simple as a unique and/orserialized identifier. This identifier is associated with a databasewhich then captures more descriptive information provided or maintainedby the manufacturer or retailer. Alternatively, the technology may beprogrammed to communicate the desired information directly (via thedetector) and without the need to communicate with a remotely locatedserver or data provider.

One embodiment contemplates the use of a wireless communication tag.Generally speaking, this tag includes an electronic circuit withinformation stored thereon. The tag can be activated by a nearby readerdevice so as to wirelessly transmit the information to the nearby readerdevice. Information stored on the wireless communication tag pertains tothe product within the container or packaging which the tag isassociated. This information may be directly read and displayed by thedevice, or the information from the tag may enable the user, via thedevice, to engage in the web-based or remote access methods describedbelow.

The wireless communication tag used in the following aspects of thepresent invention may be an NFC tag, an RFID tag, or a Bluetooth device.Preferably, it is an NFC tag.

A “passive tag” is defined as a tag without its own source of power.When a passive tag receives an electromagnetic (EM) signal from a nearbyreader device, a portion of the energy of the signal is converted into acurrent, thereby powering (and activating) the tag. Passive tags aretherefore only capable of transmitting information when activated by anearby reader device. Passive tags are cheap to produce, and so are wellsuited for use in disposable or short-life intelligent packaging.

On the other hand, an “active tag” is defined as a tag with its ownsource of power. Active tags are therefore capable of performingfunctions other than the simple transmission of information to a readerdevice. Furthermore, they can perform these additional functions withoutrequiring power from a nearby reader device for activation. Active tagsmay respond to EM signals, radio signals, or visible or invisible (e.g.,infrared) light.

One or more tags may be embedded into a body of the packaging, by insertor over moulding, particularly where one or more active tags are used.Moreover, it may be embedded into a material of the body of thepackaging, the container, the dispenser (if present, and/or closure ofthe container itself. Because the tag is embedded, it is not possible totamper or copy the tag without visibly altering the appearance of thepackaging. Accordingly, counterfeiting is prevented. The risk of the tagdetaching from the packaging is also reduced, thereby improving thedurability of the product packaging.

FIG. 10 shows how an inductive foil and/or a tag 50 could be captured orattached to the disc 30 along its inner facing. The act of affixing theclosure 10 could be sufficient to hold the tag/foil 50 in place.

As seen in FIG. 11 (described in more detail below), a pump dispenserfor dispensing a liquid or other flowable product such as paste orcream, the pump dispenser incorporating a wireless communication tag;the tag having information pertaining to the pump stored thereon, andbeing configured to wirelessly transmit information pertaining to thepump when activated by a reader device; wherein the tag is incorporatedinto a pump mechanism of the pump. An actuation component may be coupledwith the tag, for implementing the dispensing regime. The actuationcomponent may be a valve or other flow-influencing structure such as aweir in, at or around a flow conduit and configured to move, e.g. openand close, according to the dispensing regime. Such a valve might beoperated, actuated or initiated by electromagnetic, induction,piezoelectric or other mechanism. A MEMS (microelectromechanical)component may be used.

The pump dispenser may be reusable or disposable. In this or in anyother aspect herein the dispenser may be a pump dispenser typicallycomprising a body and a plunger reciprocable relative to the body toalter the volume of a pump chamber defined in the body, such as by apiston and cylinder or bellows action, the pump chamber having an inletto receive product from a reservoir thereof such as a container attachedto the pump dispenser, and an outlet leading to a discharge channel.Usually the inlet and/or outlet have a check valve. Preferred pumps havea plunger with an actuator head and a stem which carries a piston actingin a cylinder of the pump body.

In another embodiment, the container includes a user-operated dispensingmechanism for dispensing a product, such as piston pump or squeeze pump.In either case, the dispense mechanism includes an integrated activewireless communication tag having information pertaining to the productstored thereon. Actuation of the dispense mechanism to dispense theproduct may also generate an electrical signal, by way of a transducer,that is used to update the information and/or power an active tag.Additionally or alternatively, actuation may also be recorded by the tagor serve as a trigger for transmission of information from the tag, soas to allow for tracking of the total quantity of dispensed product andother, related information.

In other embodiments, the tag may interact with the device to update theinformation on the tag. This update could impose a new dispensingregime, prevent use under certain conditions, or otherwise inform thetraits of the dispenser is used in the future. For example, temporalthresholds could be incorporated and/or altered in this manner so as toimpose a minimum time or some other time-based restriction. In the samemanner, quantitative thresholds could be employed to impose maximums orother limitations, e.g., by adjustment of the duration of dispensing,the flow rate (via changes to the pumping or outlet port), etc. Finally,by tracking dispensing events, proper dosing (or, via the foregoingthresholds) can be ensured for products requiring such monitoring.

A power source can be provided, particularly in embodiments with activetags, in order to activate or selectively enable the wirelessfunctionality. This power source may be in the form of a thin-printed,coin, button cell, cylindrical or other type of battery. Selection ofthe power source will be dictated by the need for electrical current,lifespan of the battery, and the size and shape(s) into which the powersource must be integrated.

Alternatively, one or more transducers can be provided within orproximate to the tag. Generally speaking, transducers convert mechanicalenergy (i.e., in the form of motion) into electrical energy. Suchtransducers could be incorporated on one of the moving parts of a pump,as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. That is, as the actuator for the dispensermoves through its range of motion, a cooperating transducer converts theenergy from that movement into a usable electrical signal, e.g., topower an active tag. One example of a transducer is a piezoelectricdevice.

In FIG. 11, pump dispenser 600 is attached, via a closure with afastening formation such as a thread 604, to a container 602 containinga liquid product (not shown) to be dispensed.

Pump dispenser 600 itself comprises a main body 606, shaft 608, and pumphead 610. When a user presses pump head 610, a shaft 608 comprised withthe head in a plunger of the pump mechanism is forced into reservoir602. As the shaft 608 is forced into the reservoir, an internal pumpmechanism (not shown) causes the liquid to be drawn or forced up thetube shown and out through the shaft 608, and dispensed from an outletin the pump head 612. The mechanism is typically a piston and cylindermechanism, as discussed above. Once the liquid has been dispensed, theuser releases the pump head 610, at which point spring 614 returns thepump to its starting position. This completes a single pump cycle.

When a user performs a pump cycle, transducer 616, which is coupled tothe pump mechanism, is deformed. As the piezoelectric is deformed, itproduces an electrical signal, which in turn is fed into tag 618,thereby providing power for operating the tag 618. Accordingly, eachtime the pump is actuated by a user, power is supplied to tag 618.Accordingly, the active tag can operate without the need of a battery.

In FIG. 12, a dosing dispenser mechanism 70 for dispensing a fluid inseparate doses from a reservoir 708, desirably a resiliently squeezablecontainer.

Dispenser mechanism 70 comprises a closure cap 702, outlet tube 700,timing chamber 706, occluder 704 and timing aperture 710.

Dispenser mechanism 70 and reservoir 708 are shown in an uprightposition in FIG. 7. When the dispenser mechanism 70 and reservoir 708are upturned, i.e. so that the fluid flows into closure cap 702, fluidis dispensed. In particular, when upturned, fluid flows into the timingchamber 706 and out of outlet tube 700. At the same time, fluid flowsthrough timing aperture 710, thereby enabling occluder 704 to graduallymove towards outlet tube 700 (where the speed at which it moves isregulated by the size of the timing aperture 710). Once the occluder 704reaches the outlet tube 700, the outlet is blocked so that no more fluidcan be dispensed and the dose terminates.

The dispenser can then be returned to an upright position, therebyenabling the occluder to return to its original position, ready for morefluid to be dispensed.

According to an implementation of the present invention, the dispenser70 further incorporates a wireless tag (not shown) configured to imposea dispensing regime. For example, by providing the wireless tag with anactuator component for adjusting the diameter of the timing aperture710, the speed at which the obturator moves towards the inlet openingand hence the dose size can be controlled.

For example, when a reader device communicates with the tag to reducethe amount of fluid dispensable in each dispense operation, the tag willthen control the actuator component to reduce the diameter of the timingaperture 710, and in turn reduce the amount of fluid dispensable eachtime the dispenser is used.

Finally, the tag may be provided with one or more sensors, integratedchips, memory devices, and/or related circuitry (collectively referredto hereafter as “sensors and circuitry”) to accomplish the aimsdescribed herein. Functionally, such sensors and circuitry arehard-wired and preferably molded along with the tag to ensure a durableconstruction.

Web-Based or Remote Access Verification, Authentication or SerializationMethods

Components associated with one or more of the foregoing groupings can becombined with remotely located data servers. These data servers maymerely store information or allow for dynamic and interactive aspects ofthe product to be developed. In particular, any number of arrangementscould allow for authentication of the closure (and its associatedcontainer/products), cataloging of an end user's preferences or habits,serialization of the product itself by a middle party (e.g., awholesaler or retailer), and other purposes as contemplated herein.

To the extent a remote data server is critical to these functions,systems and methods associated with this grouping will necessarily relyupon wireless communication. A preferred embodiment would involve thecreation of an application or other software routine that is theninstalled on a user controlled computing device (e.g., a smart phone, atablet, an e-reader, a laptop or mobile computer, etc.) equipped withappropriate wireless technologies (e.g., near field communicationsdetectors, cameras, other sensors, etc.).

The application can include functionality to identify one or more users.The user(s)' information may be stored within the memory of the devicerunning the application, remotely on a data server, or both (withperiodic synchronization schemes provided). In some embodiments, theuser may log-in using a profile in the application, so that any furtheractivity during that log-in is automatically cataloged and indexed tothat user. Algorithms could then be applied to further optimize theapplication and any information returned to the user from the remoteservers (e.g., pertinent product information, opportunities to purchaserelated, ancillary products, etc.). Further still, geographic locationdevices associated with the computing device could be utilized tofurther augment the profile, algorithms, and/or overall user experienceas might be appropriate to the circumstances.

In other embodiments, the remote storage of data allows for iterativetreatment of data about the user, the closure, and/or the product withinthe container associated with the closure. That is, information about aparticular closure may be created and added to as time goes on (thiscould prove particularly useful in an arrangement where a user mightaccess information prior to and in support of a prospectivepurchase/use). Separately, from a supplier's perspective, data may becollected, tracked, and supplemented based on a wider scale.

Data storage may be leveraged on reader devices (e.g., mobile phones,laptop computers, etc.) that may be initially employed to interact withthe closures and/or tags contemplated herein. As noted above, userprofiles, dispensing and usage habits, and other traits can be stored onthe reader device so as to interact directly with the closure/tag,thereby accomplishing the steps noted above.

In addition to authentication and/or anti-counterfeiting, the inventionmay include serialization by a middle party. That is, the closure may beformed with components from any combination of the groupings above,while the middle party provides a remote data server. Here, the middleparty could create or assign product-specific information to a specificclosure based upon the circumstances of the transaction by which the enduser comes into possession of the closure. As above, this serializationcould include an iterative element by which subsequentcommunications/requests from the end user about the specific closure arefurther tracked and leveraged. As above, a middle party could be awholesaler, a retailer, a distributor within a supply chain, or anyother entity that intervenes from the initial manufacture andcontainment of the product (via the inventive closure) and the final enduser.

In any one or combination of the foregoing embodiments, the informationpertaining to the product, either actively or passively associated withthe tag/product or stored remotely as part of a remotely-based scheme,may include one or more of the following:

-   -   A product identifier code    -   A product serial number    -   An expiry date (where the product is perishable)    -   A link to a website address containing information about the        product    -   A location of origin    -   Temperature(s) experienced by the product    -   Force(s) applied to the product    -   Humidity experienced by the product    -   Movements experienced by the product    -   Condition of perishable product    -   Quantity of dispensed product

The sensors and other circuitry that might be useful in combination withthe tags include any one or more of:

-   -   A thermocouple (for measuring temperature)    -   A strain gauge (for measuring forces)    -   An accelerometer (for measuring shocks, movements, and/or        tilting of the product)

These are non-exhaustive lists. Indeed, given that NFC tags of the typediscussed in this application can store data typically up to 8 kB, it isenvisioned that any suitable combination of types of information couldbe used.

As noted above, the closure and method of closing contemplated hereinprovides one or more indicators for the user to easily determine whetherthe container has been compromised (i.e., without the user's knowledge,previously opened and/or surreptitiously adulterated/altered and thenresealed). Therefore, methods of detecting counterfeit products, methodsof serializing a product for subsequent, product- or user-specificdatatracking, methods of authenticating the origin, contents,post-manufacturing history, and other characteristics of a closureassociated with a specific product, and other methods are disclosed andencompassed by this disclosure.

All components should be made of materials having sufficient flexibilityand structural integrity, as well as a chemically inert nature. Thematerials should also be selected for workability, cost, and weight.Common polymers amenable to injection molding, extrusion, or othercommon forming processes should have particular utility, althoughmetals, alloys, and other composites may be used in place of or inaddition to more conventional container and closure materials.

Generally speaking, the structures and objectives described above couldbe used to any one or combination of the following:

-   -   Customer engagement: consumers can interact with the product and        the brand, as well as provide basic information on topics such        product use, container recycling, product and/or container life        cycle, etc.    -   Create dashboards: display real time and/or historical data and        reports thereof    -   Metrics: track customer usage of products, as well as assist in        manufacturing processes and sales analytics    -   User profiles: the data and tracking can be instrumental to        create unique user profiles and experiences    -   Reminders: usage and associated data can be used remind        consumers of critical events (e.g., the need to purchase        additional products, recommendations on related items, etc.)

Although the present embodiments have been illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and described in the foregoing detaileddescription, it is to be understood that the invention is not to belimited to just the embodiments disclosed, and numerous rearrangements,modifications and substitutions are also contemplated. The exemplaryembodiment has been described with reference to the preferredembodiments, but further modifications and alterations encompass thepreceding detailed description. These modifications and alterations alsofall within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof

What is claimed is:
 1. A pump dispenser having iterative informationalcapabilities, the dispenser comprising: a container carrying a fluid fordispensing; a pump mechanism connected to the container, the pumpmechanism having an actuation component operable in conjunction with awireless tag and pump chamber including an inlet connected to thecontainer and an outlet leading to a discharge channel; and wherein thewireless tag is activated by proximity to a reader device so that avalve within the outlet is opened or closed and wherein the valve movein response to electromagnetic, inductive, or piezoelectric energyprovided by the wireless tag.
 2. The pump dispenser of claim 1 whereinthe wireless tag is associated with a microelectromechanical component.3. The pump dispenser of claim 1 further comprising a power source. 4.The pump dispenser of claim 3 wherein the wireless tag is an active tagthat tracks or adjusts dispensing by the pump mechanism.
 5. The pumpdispenser of claim 1 further comprising a transducer to convertmechanical energy from the pump mechanism into electrical energyprovided to the wireless tag and wherein the wireless tag is an activetag that tracks or adjusts dispensing by the pump mechanism.
 6. The pumpdispenser of claim 5 wherein the transducer is a piezoelectric device.7. The pump dispenser of claim 1 wherein the wireless tag is selectedfrom a near field communication tag and a radio frequency identificationtag.
 8. The pump dispenser of claim 1 wherein the wireless tag is apassive tag that generates an electromagnetic signal based upon theproximity of the reader device and wherein the electromagnetic signalcommunicates information concerning the dispenser and/or the fluid fordispensing to the reader device.
 9. The pump dispenser of claim 8wherein the information relates to at least one selected from: a productidentifier, a website regarding the dispenser or the product, anexpiration date, a location of origin, and quantity of fluid dispensed.10. A method of authenticating a product dispensed by a pump, the methodcomprising: providing a container of fluid attached to a pump having awireless tag; positioning a reader device proximate to the wireless tagso that the wireless tag generates an electromagnetic signal received bythe reader device; and communicating the electromagnetic signal from thereader device to a remote data network to display information about thefluid and/or the dispenser on the reader device.
 11. A dosing mechanismattached to a reservoir carrying a fluid for dispensing, the mechanismcomprising: a closure cap having a wireless tag and an outlet; an outlettube; a timing chamber positioned beneath the outlet and having a timingaperture formed in a facing positioned opposite from the outlet when theclosure cap is attached to the reservior; an occluder positioned withinthe timing chamber, the occlude movable within the timing chamber towardor away from the timing aperture in response to gravitational forcecreated when the container is inverted; and wherein the wireless tagproduces a control signal provided to an actuator component to changes adiameter of the timing aperture so as to selectively control an amountof fluid dispensed and wherein the wireless tag generates the controlsignal when a reader device is positioned proximate to the wireless tag.12. The mechanism of claim 11 wherein the wireless tag is a passive tagand wherein the control signal also provides information concerning thedispenser and/or the fluid for dispensing to the reader device.
 13. Themechanism of claim 12 wherein the information relates to at least oneselected from: a product identifier, a website regarding the dispenseror the product, an expiration date, a location of origin, and quantityof fluid dispensed.
 14. The mechanism of claim 11 wherein the wirelesstag is an active tag.